The litigation centers on the environmental impact of concentrated animal feeding operations. While industrial dairies produce waste volumes comparable to cities of 400,000 people, they often lack equivalent treatment infrastructure. Plaintiffs argue that Wood Farms routinely allows pollutants, including E. coli and high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, to enter Wheeler Creek and the St. Lawrence River, particularly during heavy rainfall.

Legal counsel for the Center for Food Safety, including the Law Office of Charles M. Tebbutt and Public Justice, presented evidence consisting of water sampling, photographs, and expert testimony. They contend that the facility's "no discharge" permit is being undermined by recurring runoff events. The lawsuit seeks a court order to force the dairy to halt these discharges, remediate the damaged waterways, and pay civil penalties. For local communities and Indigenous groups, the outcome of this case carries significant weight, as the St. Lawrence River remains a vital resource for fishing, recreation, and drinking water.