The European Central Bank is evaluating a suite of measures to alleviate the financial burden stemming from a decade of massive bond purchases. President Christine Lagarde recently confirmed that the governing council will examine a proposal to raise minimum reserve requirements, which would force commercial banks to hold more cash in unremunerated accounts. Current rules mandate that banks keep 1% of their deposits in reserve; doubling that threshold could save the Eurosystem nearly €4 billion annually.

Beyond reserve hikes, policymakers are considering a tiered interest rate system or the imposition of direct fees. One proposal involves halting interest payments on excess reserves, a move intended to reduce the nearly €50 billion the Eurosystem currently pays out annually on over €2 trillion in liquidity. While a tiered system is viewed as less disruptive for the banking sector, internal dissent remains significant. Some governors argue that using monetary policy tools to address fiscal shortfalls risks blurring the bank's mandate. The losses themselves are a byproduct of the 2015–2022 stimulus phase, where central banks accumulated low-yield debt only to face soaring interest costs when rates were hiked to combat inflation. While some national central banks have managed the deficit through staggered accounting, the pressure to find a definitive solution is rising as the autumn deadline approaches.