Chevron remains the outlier, maintaining its extraction and export operations throughout the transition. However, broader industry reinvestment has been limited to smaller, risk-tolerant firms. Recent agreements with SLB and Hunt Oil Company mark early attempts to modernize infrastructure, yet these deals fall short of the large-scale capital infusion Washington envisioned. CEO Hunter Hunt noted his firm's intent to revitalize production, but such enthusiasm is not shared by the industry’s heavyweights.

Negotiations have frequently stalled over fiscal terms and the absence of long-term political guarantees. U.S. executives are wary of committing to the Orinoco Belt without ironclad stability, especially given the country’s history of asset nationalization. Complications have intensified with legal disputes, such as the $2 billion claim by the Cisneros family, who accuse the Delcy Rodríguez administration of illegally seizing oilfield assets now being offered to companies like California-based Pacific Coast Energy. For major oil corporations, these structural risks and ownership conflicts create a landscape too volatile to justify the potential rewards of Venezuela's vast subsoil wealth.