Five private vendors are leading the initiative, including Antares Nuclear, BWXT Technologies, General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems, Radiant Industries, and Westinghouse Government Services. Each firm will oversee the design and installation of modular units capable of generating between 1 and 20 megawatts of electricity. Radiant Industries, which secured a contract worth up to $750 million, plans to supply 15 of its 1-MWe Kaleidos microreactors, designed for rapid deployment and plug-in capability within 48 hours of arrival.

The program bypasses the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, with the Army opting to handle licensing directly. This decision has sparked academic pushback; Alan J. Kuperman of the University of Texas characterized the exclusion of the NRC as a dangerous oversight. In response, Jeff Waksman of the Army’s energy office stated that these reactors are intended for eventual commercial transition, at which point standard regulatory oversight will apply. The Army intends to coordinate with the Department of Energy for radioactive waste removal, precluding long-term storage on military sites.

This shift aligns with a broader national push to integrate small modular reactors into the grid as the U.S. pursues a target of 300 gigawatts of new nuclear capacity by 2050. While Big Tech giants like Google, Amazon, and Microsoft have recently pursued independent nuclear partnerships to satisfy surging data center power demands, the Janus Program represents the first major effort to embed such technology directly into national defense infrastructure.