O'Neill, a former Treasury minister, contends that the current obsession with balanced budgets—a standard rarely met in the last quarter-century—is an obstacle to meaningful progress. He argues that election manifestos often function as restrictive sales documents that prevent incoming administrations from pursuing necessary, sensible economic policy. While he acknowledges that deviating from established fiscal constraints carries a risk of unsettling financial markets, he maintains that addressing Britain’s deep-seated structural problems would ultimately yield a positive market response.

To facilitate this shift, O'Neill proposes that the newly established National Infrastructure and Service Transformation Authority operate with full public transparency. By having this body formally assess the impact of infrastructure projects, the Office for Budget Responsibility could integrate that data into long-term forecasts. This mechanism would provide a more objective basis for borrowing decisions, potentially decoupling essential investment from the arbitrary constraints that have historically limited UK government spending.