The investigation began in 2022, when a postmortem of failed insurance carriers revealed a sharp disconnect between market share and claims frequency. Despite holding only 4% of the homeowners' insurance market, these insolvent carriers accounted for 18% of new, annual litigated claims. Demotech president Joseph Petrelli noted that these outcomes persisted despite independent audits and qualified actuarial opinions regarding loss reserves.

Demotech’s research, supported by findings from Todd Kozikowski, identified a business model leveraging AI, targeted online advertising, and litigation marketing to artificially inflate claims. This discovery prompted the creation of 4WARN, Inc., a digital risk analysis firm designed to help insurers remediate these digital threats. Petrelli argues that the profitability of this model—often bolstered by tax-exempt status—has attracted private equity interest, creating a systemic challenge for the insurance industry.

Beyond technical analysis, the firm has focused on the intersection of third-party litigation funding and evolving legal regulations. As some jurisdictions move to relax American Bar Association Rule 5.4, which restricts non-lawyer ownership in law firms, the use of managed services organizations has provided a workaround for outside investors to influence firm operations. By documenting these mutations in the legal profession, Demotech positions itself as a defender of the traditional claims process, which emphasizes direct settlement between insurers and policyholders.